History of HTML Essay Example for Free

History of HTML Essay HTML or HyperText Markup Language is the predominant and most currently most popular language for creating web pages. It is a well-designed language to describe the structure of text-based information in a document by using certain tags referred to as HTML tags and using certain text links, heads, paragraphs, tables, lists and headings. While HTML is written in the form of tags, surrounded by angle brackets. HTML can also describe, to some degree, the appearance and semantics of a document, and can include embedded forms, and other scripting language codes, which can affect the behavior of Web browsers and other HTML processors. It is assumed that what made this language a very popular web development language is its English-like characteristic which makes it relatively easy to comprehend, and memorize the tags as compared to most other languages. It was in the late 1980’s, when the physicist Tim Berners-Lee, who was an independent contractor at CERN, proposed and prototyped ENQUIRE, a system for CERN researchers to use and share documents. In 1989, Berners-Lee and CERN Robert Cailliau, a data systems engineer from CERN, each submitted separate proposals for an Internet-based hypertext system providing similar functionality. The following year, they collaborated on a joint proposal, the Worldwide Web (W3) project; this proposal was accepted by CERN and as of now, and the project continued to grow from the day that it was developed, and continuous to grow up until present. In the advent of the interne and in the continuous increase in its popularity, came parallel the advent of the web-development language HTML. Although it has already been an accepted and established concept in the field of academics as early as the 1940s. It was with the advent of he personal computer that hypertext came into popularity. Bill Atkinson came up with the astounding idea in the late 1980s. It was then the he and his team developed Hypercard, an application for the Macintosh Operating System. Hypercard allows users to construct a series of on-screen `filing cards that would be able to contain text and graphics. Users can also navigate through these filing cards by pressing on-screen buttons, which were designed for simple and plain navigation. Hypercard easily became popular and was integrated on many other applications. Toolbox, for Personal Computers was developed and popularized in the 1990s for hypertext training courses. These courses came up with a more advanced navigation system wherein viewers or users were able to view pages with buttons which can help them navigate forward or backward or jump to a topic. Hypercard and its co-programs easily became popularized, however they were still held back by certain limitations. The major limitation was that hypertext jumps were only allowed to be made to files on the same computer. Hypertext umps to computers on other countries or on the other side of the world were still not possible. Hypertext communication was still on the local scale and not available in the global scale. It the increasing demands for global scale hypertext communication that the HTML came into advent. HTML has had a development-span of roughly seven years. During that time, it has evolved from a simple language with a small number of tags to a complex system of mark-up tags, enabling authors to create visually stunning web pages complete with sound and animation. Basically, the language developed from HTML+, HTML 2, HTML 3. 2, HTML 4. And finally HTML 5, which was released in 2008. A document called â€Å"HTML Tags†, was the first publicly available description of the HTML. This was known to public by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991. It describes 22 elements comprising the initial, relatively simple design of HTML, thirteen of these elements still exist up to HTML 4. At that time, Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an application of Standard Generalized Markup Language or SGML. However, it was not formally announced until the mid-1993 publication, by the IETF, of the first proposal for an HTML specification. Berners-Lee and Dan Connollys made an internet draft, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). This included an SGML document type definition to define the grammar. The HTML and HTML+ drafts expires in 1994, and that was when IETF created an HTML Working Group, which in 1995 completed HTML 2. 0, the first HTML specification intended to be treated as a standard against which future implementations should be based. HTML 2. 0 included ideas from the HTML and HTML+ drafts. HTML 2. 0 became the standard for website design until the year 1997. By then, more people were using HTML, and while the previous standards offered some decent abilities, people thirsted for more abilities and tags as to be able to better enhance the appearance of their websites. At this time, a HTML working group, led by Dave Raggett introduced HTML 3. 0. It included many new and improved abilities for HTML, and promised far more powerful opportunities to HTML users. HTML 4. 0 was recommended by W3C in 1997 and became the official standard in April 1998. Browser support was undertaken surprisingly earnestly by Microsoft in their Internet Explorer browser HTML 4. 0 was a large evolution of the HTML standards, and the last version of the classic HTML. At present, the newest version of the HTML is HTML 5. 0. It was published as a working draft by W3C last January 22, 2008, and includes major revisions in the core language of the World Wide Web, HTML. In this version, new features, elements and functionalities had been introduced to aid web developers to further improve the appearance and back-end structure of websites.

Black Widow Spiders :: Biology Biological Spiders Research Spider Essays

Adult black widow spiders have a shiny, black, rounded, circular abdomen and are about 1/3 inch long (about 1-1/2 inches when their legs are spread). Adult spiders have two reddish or yellowish triangles on their bottom which looks like an hourglass marking, and their body color is dark colored usually black or sometimes dark brown. They are usually recognized because of their red or red-orange hourglass design on the bottom of their abdomen. This pattern is changeable and may look like two separated spots. In some spiders there is no pattern on the abdomen. The immature stages of both sexes of the widow spiders have red or red-orange or yellow spots and strips on the top of their abdomen. Females are colored gray or pale brown. Their color gets darker as they get older. The hourglass pattern on the underside of the abdomen forms throughout their development. Male widow spiders are smaller about 1/4 inch long, and they're usually not black in overall color, instead it looks like a light brown or gray. Male widows have an hourglass pattern too. When they are full-grown they have large knob-like shapes called pedipalps, which start from the head. But to females they still look the same. Newly hatched spiderlings are white or a yellowish-white, eventually turning blackish when they get older. Adolescents of both sexes look like the male. Black Widow spiders build loose and uneven mesh-type webs of rough silk in dark places usually outdoors. And build their webs near the ground (sometimes inside of houses) but mainly they build them outside. Black Widows can be found near the ground in dark undisturbed areas. Nest sites are near holes made by small animals, or around construction openings and woodpiles. Also they can be found around low shrubs which are usual sites for widow spiders. Black widows are also found inside in dark undisturbed areas like behind furniture or under desks and in undisturbed basement areas and crawl spaces of homes are areas where black widow nests are. They don't produce a web like the weaving spiders do or the funnel pattern webs that the funnel weaver spider's make. The female lays eggs in silken cocoon sacs about 1/2-inch in width. The sack is a pear shaped, and is a creamy yellow, light gray, or light brown in color. They usually lay about 300 to 400 eggs per sac and have 4 to 9 egg

“Eveline” By James Joyce and “Samphire” by Patrick O’Brian Essay

Both of these stories tell of women wanting to break away from dominating male influences in their lives. Eveline is fed up of working at home and of looking after her father where as Molly wants a life away from Lacy. But at the end of each story, neither woman is nearer to her goal of a new life. The start of â€Å"Eveline† is very descriptive and gives the reader the impression of her life so far. Although Eveline works around the house, â€Å"in her nostrils was the odour of dusty cretonne†. â€Å"She was tired† and these three words set the tone of the story for the reader. In contrast, â€Å"Samphire† opens with the uplifting white cliffs and the vicious sea. â€Å"The wind †¦ brought the salt tang of the spray on their lips†. This opening is also very descriptive but in a different way to â€Å"Eveline† – the sheer power of nature and the quiet and simple home. But both of these openings are effective in setting the scene for the story. Eveline lives at home with her father as â€Å"her brothers and sisters were all grown up, her mother was dead.† This last fact obviously had a huge effect on Eveline and her father, possibly making her father become violent, â€Å"she sometimes felt herself in danger of her father’s violence†. And now Eveline wants â€Å"to go away like the others, to leave her home.† Molly’s problems or intentions about what she wants to do are not known about until near to the end. It is possible though to guess at what she is irritated about – her husband Lacey. â€Å"He had a high, rather unmasculine voice, and he emphasized his words.† He is very persistent, â€Å"three times he pointed it out†; patronising, â€Å"how he had even to be a little firm†; childish, â€Å"wagging his finger†; trying to be humorous, â€Å"made a joke about the shop being a house of ill-fume; but the tobacconist did not understand†; not attractive, â€Å"the thin, fluffy hair that covered his baldness†, and extremely image conscious, â€Å"and how the people would stare when they brought it back†. But it wasn’t all easy for Eveline either. She had to put up with her father who said that â€Å"she used to squander the money† and â€Å"that she had no head†. She had â€Å"hard work to keep the house together† and overall it was † a hard life†. But Frank was a totally different person, â€Å"very kind, manly, open hearted† compared to her violent father. Her relationship with Frank was going fine until â€Å"her father found out the affair and had forbidden her to have anything to say to him.† This is because he relies on her and that he doesn’t want to lose. There is also the possibility that he is quite a stubborn man and that Frank is intruding on his relationship with his daughter. Throughout the whole story, there is the doubt or guilt factor that is preventing Eveline from leaving and going off to Buenos Aires with Frank. â€Å"Now she was about to leave it (her life) she did not find it a wholly undesirable life†; â€Å"her time was running out†, and that â€Å"her father was becoming old lately, she noticed; he would miss her†. Then near to the bottom of the second page come the crucial facts about why she does not want to leave home: the promise to her dying mother, â€Å"her promise to keep the home together as long as she could†. The plot of â€Å"Samphire† is that Lacey sees â€Å"a clump of samphire† on the edge of a cliff and is determined for Molly to see it. Once she has seen it, there is a great satisfaction from Lacey as he knows that Molly is scared of heights, â€Å"heights terrified her, always had†, but he still forces her to look at the plant. The next day Molly â€Å"said she would like to see the samphire again† much to the joy of Lacy. She obviously does this to keep him happy and possibly to keep him quiet for a little while. As they reach the top of the cliff and turn the path, Lacey cries out, â€Å"it is still there. Oh jolly good. It is still there†. As he stretched over the cliff to try and reach the plant, Molly stepped forward and tried to push him off the cliff, â€Å"but as she pushed him she felt her arms weak like jelly†. It is almost as if in her heart she doesn’t want to push him off. â€Å"For a second the wind bore his body and the stick scrabbled furiously for a purchase on the cliff†. He gets up, screaming at her, â€Å"you pushed me Molly, you – pushed me, you – pushed me†. Lacey is in complete shock as he realises what Molly was trying to do. â€Å"Still she stood, stone – still† not listening to him. She marches off down the path, with Lacey following after her. Before he was leading the way, but now she is the dominant figure in their relationship. And still he is trying to believe that it was an accident but he was lucky that she didn’t push him all the way off. The end of â€Å"Eveline† results in her doing what her heart feels is best as well, just like Molly as she leaves Frank to stay with her father. † All the seas of the world tumbled about her heart†. It was a difficult decision but one that she had to make.

About The Story of an Hour - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 617 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Literature Essay Tags: The Story Of An Hour Essay Did you like this example? In the Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin the main character is a woman who suffers from heart trouble and whors in deep suffering, named Mrs Mallard. When this woman is told about her husbandrs death she was initially emotional, and with knowing his death she reaped freedom and became filled with joy, and perhaps too much of it which swept her away.. Throughout this short story Kate Chopin, the author of The Story of an Hour portrays a lot of Feminist Criticism, defined as the literary analysis that arises from viewpoint of feminism, feminist theory and/or feminist politics. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "About The Story of an Hour" essay for you Create order Which to this type of criticism occurred in the late nineteenth century right in the Mallards home. A critical feminist analysis of But when she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely (Chopin 146). Itrs as if shers saying how oppressed she had been all her life, and now that she knows about her soon to be ever reaching freedom and happiness, shers ecstatic. Then she goes on saying how There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow creature (Chopin 146). Mrs. Mallard did not want anyone controlling over her which in this case, was her husband. Instead she wanted her free will of being able to do what she felt like doing without anyone stopping her from doing it. Because of her oppressor she had to live her life as that. So when she finds out that he was announced supposedly dead because of an accident, all of a sudden she feels a sense of being free from any male oppression to which she had been a victim of s ince the day she and her husband exchanged vows. Mrs. Mallard was ready to live for herself and all on her own without having to live for her husband. When Mrs. Mallard said it over and over under her breath free, free, free(Chopin 146) she portrays a way of being or saying how she was so powerless before, but is now capable of doing something new now that shers not being empowered by anyone. Then When the doctors came they said she had died of heart diseaseof the joy that kills (Chopin 147). The heart problem mentioned earlier comes into place, and ironically, everyone thinks she died for the opposite reason from the truth. This woman who thought she was free learns that she will be under a man again, and simply cant take it. Therefore her spirit had sunk in again to her reality which unfortunately had hit her too hard when finding out that shed still be trapped into that same marriage. At this moment some would assume that she was so happy to see her husband alive and perhaps have died of such shock while seeing him there standing. But readers know the major outcome or reason for her shock, because the dream she had of the future with feeling powerful and free all sorts of days that would be her own (Chopin 147) would now be impossible for her to live and enjoy. Louise was given as an example of what a woman suffering in a marriage was like, a wife who was not allowed her own identity nor freedom. Although The Story of an Hour may be a fiction story, it speaks loud and clearly about the feminist criticism women would feel in the 19th century. Having this criticism can help understand the story by knowing that some women would actually in reality go through this type of marriage within this century.